Company: Infoedge_27april
Difficulty: medium
Fault Detection in Automotive Firmware Problem Description As part of a validation process for an automotive microcontroller firmware , a team is analyzing the correctness of low-level arithmetic operations used across various electronic control units (ECUs). During testing, it was discovered that a junior developer mistakenly implemented a logic block that performs bitwise XOR (⊕) instead of standard arithmetic addition ( + ). Interestingly, in some specific cases, the outputs of i + j and i ⊕ j are identical. This behavior only occurs when no carry-over occurs during addition , i.e., the binary representations of i and j have no overlapping 1s ( i & j = 0 ). Your task is to assist the team in assessing the impact of this issue. You are given multiple integer ranges, and for each range [a, b] , you must determine the number of ordered integer pairs (i, j) such that i + j = i ⊕ j . This exercise is part of a broader validation effort across multiple automotive software modules , not li